Introduction: There has been a rise in the number of cases of pneumocystis pneumonia among immunocompromised individuals with non-human human immunodeficiency virus (non-HIV PCP), and its mortality rate is high. However, studies evaluating prognostic factors in patients with non-HIV PCP remain insufficient. 
Objective: To investigate prognostic factors in patients with non-HIV PCP.  
Methods: The present investigation was a multicentre, retrospective, registry-based cohort study (RE-VISION-PCP). Participants were diagnosed with non-HIV PCP at three tertiary care hospitals in Japan between June 2006 and March 2021. The primary endpoint of the study was all-cause death, and proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to account for background factors in the analysis of all-cause death. 
Results: The present study enrolled 153 patients, of whom 57 (37%) died from all causes during the observation period. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause death were significant for the following: underlying malignant disease (HR 2.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64?5.39]); albumin <3.0 g/dL (HR 2.93 [95% CI 1.52?5.62]), lactate dehydrogenase >365 U/L (HR 1.89 [95% CI 1.09?3.29]); and ventilator use (HR 6.73 [95% CI 1.43?31.74]).  
Conclusions: Findings of this study suggested that underlying malignant disease, low albumin and high lactate dehydrogenase levels, and the use of a ventilator were poor prognostic factors in patients with non-HIV PCP.