Abstract

Motivational interventions added to exercise training promise to increase and prolong its benefits. Aim: To investigate the addition of motivational interventions to exercise training on physical activity in daily life (PADL), sedentary behavior, psychosocial factors, exacerbation, dyspnea, and self-efficacy in patients with chronic respiratory disease. Methods: This systematic review included randomized controlled trials comparing exercise training "with" vs. "without" motivational techniques in adults with chronic respiratory disease. All the included health outcomes were analyzed after the protocol and the follow-up. The PEDro scale and GRADE evaluated methodological quality. Data were meta-analyzed for the pooled studies and motivational techniques subgroups. Results: 12 studies were included with 1,138 patients. 11 studies performed aerobic and resistive exercises. The motivational techniques used were pedometers, behavioral intervention with and without pedometer feedback, and phone calls. With low certainty of evidence, motivational techniques increase PADL (MD 595 steps/day [CI95% 212-979) acutely and decrease sedentary behavior (MD-6.22[-6, -5.83 min]) acutely and at long term. Studies using personal plans also improved HRQoL and dyspnea. Studies using pedometer feedback improved dyspnea. Conclusions: The addition of motivational techniques to exercise training programs improves PADL in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Sub-analysis showed that each motivational technique induced different benefits. However, all outcomes have low certainty of evidence, high heterogeneity, and low sample sizes.