Background. Bronchiectasis is a neglected issue in the pediatric population. As cystic fibrosis (CF) remains the main reason for bronchiectasis in children, there is need to evaluate other diseases that lead to bronchial restructuration.

Aims and objectives. To access the incidence and etiology of non-CF bronchiectasis in children in the Vinnytsia region.

Methods. There was a single-centre study in tertiary children's hospital in the Vinnytsia region. Children were evaluated for bronchiectasis with HRCT

Results. There were 57 patients with non-CF bronchiectasis aged 0-14 years old (median 5.3 years), 37 boys, in the Vinnytsia region which is 23.1 per 100.000 of the general pediatric population. Mean age of diagnosis of bronchiectasis was 5.2±0.9 years. The etiology included primary immunodeficiency (47.4%), primary ciliary dyskinesia (17.5%), postinfectious bronchiectasis (14%), severe asthma (5.2%), protracted bacterial bronchitis (3.5%), foreign body (3.5%) and idiopathic (8.9%). Postinfectious bronchiectasis includes patients with severe pneumonia (67%) and children with tuberculosis (33%).

Conclusions. This is the first-time reported data for pediatric non-CF bronchiectasis from Ukraine. The disease seems to be underdiagnosed in the Vinnytsia region compared to epidemiological data in the European region. The etiology of pediatric bronchiectasis in Vinnytsia differs from published results from other countries probably because of some undiagnosed causes like protracted bacterial bronchitis, aspiration etc. More studies need to evaluate the true incidence of pediatric bronchiectasis in Ukraine.