The role of heparin-binding protein (HBP) as an acute inflammatory marker in AE-ILD and some stable ILD patients is not well-established. The significance of increasing HBP during an AE-ILD is examined and
the first attempt to incorporate HBP into the ILD evaluation system is made. Then,
the benefit of HBP in AE-ILD was investigated. ILD patients (n = 108) were divided
into subgroups based on the phase and severity of the disease. Linear trends of HBP
across subgroups were observed, and correlations with common inflammatory markers were examined. Further, the HBP detection was adopted between serum and BALF. Imaging and pathology changes were evaluated using
various scoring criteria and compared to HBP. The relationship between HBP with ventilation, fibrosis progression, and changes in arterial oxygen levels and inflammatory
markers were investigated to understand the mechanistic pathways. HBP was significantly higher in patients with AE-ILD at the early stage, compared to patients with ILD
at the stable phase and its increase was both found in the serum and BALF. With the
remission of the disease, there was a linear trend of progressive decline. HBP identified ILD patients who had co-infections. HBP levels increased earlier than CRP, PCT,
and SAA. HBP was associated with pulmonary levels of ventilation and lesions by radiology examination, and its levels were significantly worse in AE-ILD patients. However,
HBP did not show a correlation to the pathology quantitative evaluation. In conclusion, HBP could potentially evaluate the progression and prognosis of AE-ILD.