Context: An anti-inflammatory diet during pregnancy may be a lever of interest in prevention of allergic and respiratory diseases as inflammation plays a major role in them. However, literature remains sparse and heterogenous.
Aim: To investigate the associations between inflammatory potential of maternal diet and allergic and respiratory multimorbidity in children.
Methods: The study was conducted on 1316 and 8939 children from the EDEN and ELFE birth cohorts, respectively. The inflammatory potential of maternal diet was assessed using E-DII score derived from the energy-adjusted Diet Inflammatory Index (Shivappa et al., 2014). Clusters of allergic and respiratory multimorbidity up to 8 years (EDEN) and 5.5 years (ELFE) were previously identified using latent class analyses: ?asymptomatic? (ref.), ?asthma only?, ?allergies without asthma?, ?multi-allergic?, with an additional cluster exclusively in ELFE: ?early wheeze without asthma?. Multinomial logistic regressions adjusted for main potential cofounders were conducted separately in both cohorts.
Results: In EDEN and ELFE, we found no association between the E-DII taken continuously and the different allergic and respiratory clusters.
Table. Associations between E-DII and allergic and respiratory clusters.
| Asthma only | Allergies without asthma | Multi-allergic | Early wheeze without asthma | |
| EDEN | 0.98[0.89;1.08] | 1.01[0.91;1.13] | 1.05[0.91;1.20] | |
| ELFE | 1.05[0.99;1.11] | 1.00[0.94;1.06] | 0.97[0.92;1.02] | 1.02[0.99;1.05] |
Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval, ref: ?asymptomatic? cluster.
Conclusion: In two large birth cohorts, the inflammatory potential of maternal diet was not associated with allergic and respiratory diseases in children.