Environmental awareness of citizens is considered to lead to environmental consciousness, which leads to environmental behavior. However, citizens' environmental behaviors are directly linked to socio-economic and demographic factors, as well as personal preferences (e.g. smoking habits), which can influence how citizens perceive and act towards the environment.

This paper investigates the correlation between the smoking habits of citizens and their environmental awareness and behavior in four key environmental issues: air pollution, water pollution, climate change and waste management.

Smokers declare to know less than non-smokers about the causes of air and water pollution, and they are less concerned about the human health effects of air and water pollution. In addition, smokers, especially conventional cigarette smokers, are less likely to use public transport, are less likely to avoid using products with hazardous chemicals and are less likely to be informed about the air quality in their city. Furthermore, smokers know less about the causes of climate change and its effects, and what human activities contribute to the greenhouse effect and climate change. In addition, smokers rarely use environmentally friendly products, do not tend to pay attention to eco-labels when buying goods, and rarely apply daily habits to save water and electricity. Finally, smokers are less aware of the environmental impact of waste, recycle their waste less often and do not avoid throwing waste (e.g. plastic bottles, cigarette butts) in public spaces.

In conclusion, smokers are found to be less informed about environmental problems than non-smokers and apply les often good practices for the benefit of the environment.