Abstract

Introduction: Sleep disorders among university students is an important topic for investigation specially with the high levels of stress and the demands of academic performance. However, little research has focused on this group of individuals.

Aim: To describe sleep habits and sleep problems in a population of undergraduates in Tunisia.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including university students aged ?18 years living in Tunisia. An electronic survey through the free-of-charge Google Forms tool was used for data collection. A range of self-report measures related to sleep, mood, and subjective quality of life were used: the World Health Organisation-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9.

Results: 311 students with a mean age of 22.9 years old were studied. Only 9% of them were smokers. Reported mean duration of night sleep in the study sample was 7.2 hours. Forty-six percent (46 %) of students went to bed before midnight and 16.8 % of the total sample woke up before 6 am. The average hours spent on internet per day was 5.53 hours. Almost Half of participants (49.8%) had poor well-being as assessed by the WHO-5 and 7.39% had a PHQ-9 score ? 20 indicating severe depression. Fifty-eight (58%) of the students had insomnia. The prevalence of severe Insomnia was 1.6% when defined as ISI score ? 22. The prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was 56,5%.

Conclusion:  The findings provide evidence that sleep problems and poor well-being in Tunisian undergraduates were strikingly common and could be involved in the development of emotional exhaustion and well-being over time.