Abstract

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) occurs frequently in patients with connective tissue disease (CTD). Therefore, the systematic search for respiratory disease in patients with CTD is necessary. Aims and objectives: To study the clinical, radiological and functional profile of ILD related to CTD. Material and Methods: Prospective, observational study. Diagnosed cases of CTD presenting to the pulmonology department with respiratory symptoms and cases of ILD who were found to have CTD upon evaluation were recruited into the study. The clinical profile was noted and a high-resolution computed tomography of the chest and a plethysmography were performed. Results: A total of 225 patients were recruited. 71.6% of the patients were women and the average age was 60.5 ± 12. years. All cases had chest symptoms and had some form of CTD. The main respiratory complaints were cough and dyspnea, while joint pain was the most frequent rheumatological symptom. Clubbing was present in 26.2% of cases. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 34.7% was the most common CTD followed by Sjögren's syndrome 32.4%, myositis 15.1% Overlap syndrome 15.1%, SLE 11.6%, systemic sclerosis 11.1%. The NSIP pattern was the most common pattern on HRCT found in 66.7% of patients. The UIP pattern was linked to SLE, with a TLC Z-score of the order of -2.4 vs -0.976 for the rest of the ILD-CTDs (p<0.001), UIP was linked to ACPA (p=0.004), RF (p=0.002) and anti-DNA (p=0.002). Conclusion: PID is a serious complication of CTDs. Their screening is imperative in order to establish an early diagnosis and adequate care, for a better prognosis.