Background: Subglottic stenosis (SGS) is the most frequent type of laryngeal stenosis and a common cause of upper airway obstruction in pediatric patients. The etiology of SGS is congenital or acquired. Clinical presentation depends on the degree of the stenosis, and biphasic stridor is the most prominent sign.

Objective: To determine the etiology of subglottic stenosis in children during the ten-year period, as well as the treatment modalities and outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients in whom subglottic stenosis was confirmed with flexible bronchoscopy and who were treated at the Pulmonology department of the Mother and Child Healthcare Institute of Serbia from January 2013 to December 2022. The data were obtained from patients? medical history.

Results: During the study period, total of 19 patients had endoscopically confirmed SGS.  Among them, 68.4% had acquired and 32.6% congenital SGS.  Every patient with acquired SGS had a history of endotracheal intubation, and 61.5% had gastroesophageal reflux (GER). The incidence of prematurity was 25.3%, all preterm infants were previously intubated. Majority of patients had mild SGS (36.8%), but in 26.3% tracheotomy was required due to critical SGS.  Among tracheotomized patients, 80% had acquired SGS and 20% congenital. Patients with severe SGS (31.6%) were operated on, with favorable outcomes. Decannulation was done in 40%. Patients in whom decannulation was not possible had severe comorbidities. During the ten-year period, one patient died.

Conclusion: SGS is an important cause of airway obstruction, acquired SGS is more prevalent than congenital. Endotracheal intubation is leading cause of acquired SGS, and GER is the most prevalent associated comorbidity.